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| 1800 |
| | | Toussaint L'Ouverture emerges as the leader of Saint-Domingue, ruling without French colonial control | |
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| 1801 |
| | | Toussaint L'Ouverture invades the neighbouring Spanish colony of Santo Domingo, and becomes ruler of of the whole island of Hispaniola | |
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| 1801 |
| | | A powerful French force arrives in Saint-Domingue and recovers control of the colony, offering generous terms to the native leaders | |
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| 1802 |
| | | Toussaint L'Ouverture is treacherously arrested and sent to France, where he dies in prison | |
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| 1804 |
| | | The independence of Haiti from France is proclaimed by a new black ruler calling himself the emperor Jacques I | |
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| 1810 |
| | | Napoleon marries the Austrian archduchess Marie Louise, daughter of the emperor Francis I | |
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| 1827 |
| | | The Turkish governor of Algiers, flicking at the French consul with his fly whisk, finds that he has provoked a French blockade and eventually invasion | |
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| 1830 |
| | | A French army invades Algeria, beginning the process which brings the region within the French empire | |
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| 1839 |
| | | Abd-el-Kader proclaims a holy war against the French in Algeria and begins a military campaign that will last for eight years | |
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| 1853 |
| | | France and Britain despatch their fleets to the Dardanelles, in readiness to go through the Straits to the Black Sea | |
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